I've cleaned up notes from our brainstorming last week.  If I've missed anything, please comment on this entry.

1. Tests -- can be involve writing, speaking, choosing (multiple choice), manipulating other kinds of symbols (e.g. math).  Aim may be to assess ability to recall information, draw conclusions, synthesize ideas, make causal inferences, and reflect on knowledge.  Tests may "unintentionally" also assess knowledge of standard English, experience with "middle class" life and values, fine motor skills, general writing and verbal skills, reading comprehension, the ability to follow directions, general memory ability, access to help outside school, and even the ability to sit still.

2. Performance assessment/Authentic assessments. Aim is usually to assess the ability to perform a particular task or sequence of tasks and respond to problems in the physical world.  Outcome may be influenced by more general abilities such as fine motor (physical) skills.

3. Informal observation of activity (individual or small group, or whole class situations).  Can help assess group interaction, interest/motivation, and leadership.  In group situations especially, what one sees may be influenced heavily by a student's personality -- e.g., how outgoing they are -- or their popularity among peers.

4. Individual interviews.  Can probe understanding in ways not dependent on writing skills or peer influences.  Still, may be influenced heavily by general verbal skills, and the ability to respond "on the spot."

5. Design tasks. Can assess creativity and problem-solving over time.  Depending on the task, may also assess organizational skills, persistence, and interpersonal skills.

6. Portfolios. Can give a big picture of strengths and weaknesses, organizational skills, improvement over time.  May be especially influenced by access to experiences and resources outside of school.